2017 Trauma University: Trauma Complications: Best Practices to Avoid Complications-Trauma Complications

Trauma Complications

Pdf Summary

The document discusses various topics related to trauma complications. These include extremity compartment syndrome and fasciotomy management, venous thromboembolism prophylaxis, early ambulation in the ICU, early nutrition in trauma patients, and spinal precautions with spine fractures.<br /><br />Compartment syndrome is a condition in which increased pressure within a limited space compromises the circulation and function of the tissues within that space. It is often caused by long bone fractures, forceful direct trauma, severe burns, or other injuries to the extremities. Signs and symptoms include pain, pallor, pulselessness, paresthesia, and paralysis. Treatment involves performing a fasciotomy to relieve the pressure.<br /><br />Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common complication in trauma patients. Risk factors for VTE include immobilization and acute illness. Prophylactic measures such as early ambulation and the use of anticoagulants can help prevent VTE.<br /><br />Early nutrition is crucial in trauma patients as increased catabolism and acute protein malnutrition are common. Nutritional therapy aims to decrease the early loss of lean mass, provide calories, and improve the patient's immunity and healing. Early mobilization in the ICU is also important as it can prevent or ameliorate ICU-acquired weakness, reduce delirium, shorten hospital stays, and lower costs.<br /><br />Patients with spine fractures require spinal precautions to prevent further injury. This includes immobilization and maintaining spinal precautions until an unstable spinal injury is ruled out. The type of fracture and its severity determine the specific treatment approach, which may involve bracing or surgical intervention.<br /><br />Lastly, the document discusses the importance of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in trauma patients. VTE comprises deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). DVT can occur in up to 15% of trauma patients despite prophylaxis. Early initiation of chemoprophylaxis and identifying contraindications are key. Routine surveillance monitoring for DVT is not recommended.<br /><br />Overall, this document highlights the importance of recognizing and managing trauma complications to improve patient outcomes.

Keywords

trauma complications

extremity compartment syndrome

fasciotomy management

venous thromboembolism prophylaxis

early ambulation in ICU

early nutrition in trauma patients

spinal precautions

spine fractures

VTE

deep venous thrombosis