What You Need to Know about Transfusion Medicine But are Afraid to Ask-Handout: What You Need to Know About Transfusion Medicine

Handout: What You Need to Know About Transfusion Medicine

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Transfusions are a critical component of medical care, and it's important to understand the process and potential risks involved. Pre-transfusion testing involves ordering and collecting samples to determine the patient's ABO and Rh type, as well as detect any unexpected antibodies. Blood products, such as packed red blood cells, platelets, plasma, and cryoprecipitate, can be given based on the patient's needs and expected response. It's crucial to follow the proper protocols for ordering and preparing these products.<br /><br />There are various types of transfusion reactions that can occur, including acute hemolytic reactions, transfusion-associated acute lung injury (TRALI), transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO), and hypotensive reactions. These reactions can have serious consequences, so it's important to recognize the signs and symptoms and take appropriate action.<br /><br />Misidentifying samples and administration errors are common human errors that can lead to transfusion-related accidents. Implementing risk mitigation strategies, such as computer-assisted blood administration, two-person sign-off, and lab automation, can help reduce these errors.<br /><br />In emergency situations, transfusions can be administered without explicit consent if it's considered a medical emergency and the patient lacks the capacity to refuse treatment. However, informed consent should be obtained as soon as possible, even in emergency situations where the need for transfusion is urgent.<br /><br />Understanding the process of transfusions and the potential risks involved can help ensure safe and effective patient care. It's important to be vigilant, follow proper protocols, and take prompt action in the event of a transfusion reaction or error.

Keywords

transfusions

medical care

pre-transfusion testing

blood products

transfusion reactions

acute hemolytic reactions

TACO

sample misidentification

administration errors

emergency transfusions